What is the role of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy?

• A. It produces hormones until the placenta takes over
• B. It forms the fetal spine
• C. It produces estrogen after childbirth
• D. It regulates fetal heart rate

Answer: (A)

The role of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy is crucial for maintaining the necessary hormonal environment until the placenta is fully formed and takes over its functions. After ovulation, the corpus luteum forms from the follicle that released the egg and is responsible for producing progesterone and some estrogen. These hormones are essential for supporting the uterine lining, making it suitable for implantation of a fertilized egg.

If pregnancy occurs, the continued production of these hormones by the corpus luteum is vital, as they help to sustain the pregnancy during the initial weeks. As the pregnancy progresses and the placenta develops, it begins to produce its own hormones, particularly human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and eventually takes over the hormonal functions needed for maintaining pregnancy.

This transition reduces reliance on the corpus luteum, which is why its role is particularly highlighted in the early stages of pregnancy before the placenta assumes major responsibilities. Therefore, the statement that it produces hormones until the placenta takes over is entirely accurate regarding its function during this critical time.