What hormones does the corpus luteum primarily produce?

• A. Testosterone
• B. Estrogen and Progesterone
• C. Insulin
• D. Thyroid hormones

Answer: (B)

The corpus luteum primarily produces estrogen and progesterone, which are crucial during the menstrual cycle and early stages of pregnancy. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which secretes these hormones to prepare the uterine lining for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. Progesterone plays a key role in maintaining the uterine environment to support an early pregnancy; it helps thicken the endometrium and prevents its shedding. Estrogen also assists in regulating various reproductive processes. The secretion of these hormones is vital for sustaining early pregnancy until the placenta takes over hormone production.